خواص دارویی و گیاهی
Isfahan (historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan, Esfahan or Hispahan) (Persian: اصفهان, romanized: Esfahān [esfæˈhɒːn] (listen)) is a city in Iran. It is located 406 kilometres (252 miles) south of Tehran, and is the capital of Isfahan Province.
Isfahan has a population of approximately 1.6 million,[4] making it the third largest city in Iran after Tehran and Mashhad, but was once one of the largest cities in the world.
Isfahan is an important city as it is located at the intersection of the two principal north–south and east–west routes that traverse Iran. Isfahan flourished from 1050 to 1722, particularly in the 16th and 17th centuries under the Safavid dynasty when it became the capital of Persia for the second time in its history under Shah Abbas the Great. Even today the city retains much of its past glory.
It is famous for its Perso–Islamic architecture, grand boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, tiled mosques, and minarets. Isfahan also has many historical buildings, monuments, paintings and artefacts. The fame of Isfahan led to the Persian pun and proverb “Esfahān nesf-e- jahān ast”: Isfahan is half (of) the world.[5]
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
The Naghsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan is one of the largest city squares in the world. UNESCO has designated it a World Heritage Site.
“Isfahan” is derived from Middle Persian Spahān. Spahān is attested in various Middle Persian seals and inscriptions, including that of Zoroastrian Magi Kartir,[6] and is also the Armenian name of the city (Սպահան). The present-day name is the Arabicized form of Ispahan (unlike Middle Persian, and similar to Spanish, New Persian does not allow initial consonant clusters such as sp[7]). The region appears with the abbreviation GD (Southern Media) on Sasanian numismatics. In Ptolemy’s Geographia it appears as Aspadana, translating to “place of gathering for the army”. It is believed that Spahān derives from spādānām “the armies”, Old Persian plural of spāda (from which derives spāh ‘army’ and spahi (soldier – lit. of the army) in Middle Persian).
Human habitation of the Isfahan region can be traced back to the Palaeolithic period. Recent discoveries archaeologists have found artifacts dating back to the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze and Iron ages.
What was to become the city of Isfahan in later historical periods probably emerged as a locality and settlement that gradually developed over the course of the Elamite civilisation (2700–1600 BCE).
Under Median rule, this commercial entrepôt began to show signs of a more sedentary urbanism, steadily growing into a noteworthy regional centre that benefited from the exceptionally fertile soil on the banks of the Zayandehrud River in a region called Aspandana or Ispandana.
Once Cyrus the Great (reg. 559–529 BCE) had unified Persian and Median lands into the Achaemenid Empire (648–330 BCE), the religiously and ethnically diverse city of Isfahan became an early example of the king’s fabled religious tolerance. It was Cyrus who, having just taken Babylon, made an edict in 538 BCE, declaring that the Jews in Babylon could return to Jerusalem (see Ezra ch. 1). Now it seems that some of these freed Jews settled in Isfahan instead of returning to their homeland. The 10th-century Persian historian Ibn al-Faqih wrote:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}
“When the Jews emigrated from Jerusalem, fleeing from Nebuchadnezzar, they carried with them a sample of the water and soil of Jerusalem. They did not settle down anywhere or in any city without examining the water and the soil of each place. They did all along until they reached the city of Isfahan. There they rested, examined the water and soil and found that both resembled Jerusalem. Thereupon they settled there, cultivated the soil, raised children and grandchildren, and today the name of this settlement is Yahudia.”[8]
The Parthians in the period 250–226 BCE continued the tradition of tolerance after the fall of the Achaemenids, fostering the Hellenistic dimension within Iranian culture and the political organisation introduced by Alexander the Great’s invading armies. Under the Parthians, Arsacid governors administered the provinces of the nation from Isfahan, and the city’s urban development accelerated to accommodate the needs of a capital city.
The next empire to rule Persia, the Sassanids (226–652 CE), presided over massive changes in their realm, instituting sweeping agricultural reform and reviving Iranian culture and the Zoroastrian religion. Both the city and region were then called by the name Aspahan or Spahan. The city was governed by a group called the Espoohrans, who came from seven noble and important Iranian royal families. Extant foundations of some Sassanid-era bridges in Isfahan suggest that the Sasanian kings were fond of ambitious urban planning projects. While Isfahan’s political importance declined during the period, many Sassanid princes would study statecraft in the city, and its military role developed rapidly. Its strategic location at the intersection of the ancient roads to Susa and Persepolis made it an ideal candidate to house a standing army, ready to march against Constantinople at any moment. The words ‘Aspahan’ and ‘Spahan’ are derived from the Pahlavi or Middle Persian meaning ‘the place of the army’.[9] Although many theories have been mentioned about the origin of Isfahan, in fact little is known of it before the rule of the Sasanian dynasty (c. 224 – c. 651 CE). The historical facts suggest that in the late 4th and early 5th centuries, Queen Shushandukht, the Jewish consort of Yazdegerd I (reigned 399–420) settled a colony of Jews in Yahudiyyeh (also spelled Yahudiya), a settlement 3 km northwest of the Zoroastrian city of Gabae (its Achaemid and Parthian name; Gabai was its Sasanic name, which was shortened to Gay (Arabic ‘Jay’) that was located on the northern bank of the Zayanderud River. The gradual population decrease of Gay (Jay) and the simultaneous population increase of Yahudiyyeh and its suburbs after the Islamic conquest of Iran resulted in the formation of the nucleus of what was to become the city of Isfahan. The words “Aspadana”, “Ispadana”, “Spahan” and “Sepahan”, all from which the word Isfahan is derived, referred to the region in which the city was located.
Isfahan and Gay were both circular in design, a characteristic of Parthian and Sasanian cities.[10] However, this reported Sasanian circular city of Isfahan is not uncovered yet.[11]
When the Arabs captured Isfahan in 642, they made it the capital of al-Jibal (“the Mountains”) province, an area that covered much of ancient Media. Isfahan grew prosperous under the Persian Buyid (Buwayhid) dynasty, which rose to power and ruled much of Iran when the temporal authority of the Abbasid caliphs waned in the 10th century. The Turkish conqueror and founder of the Seljuq dynasty, Toghril Beg, made Isfahan the capital of his domains in the mid-11th century; but it was under his grandson Malik-Shah I (r. 1073–92) that the city grew in size and splendour.[12]
After the fall of the Seljuqs (c. 1200), Isfahan temporarily declined and was eclipsed by other Iranian cities such as Tabriz and Qazvin.
During his visit in 1327, Ibn Battuta noted that “The city of Isfahan is one of the largest and fairest of cities, but it is now in ruins for the greater part.”[13] It regained its importance during the Safavid period (1501–1736). The city’s golden age began in 1598 when the Safavid ruler Shah Abbas I (reigned 1588–1629) made it his capital and rebuilt it into one of the largest and most beautiful cities in the 17th century world. In 1598 Shah Abbas the Great moved his capital from Qazvin to the more central Isfahan; he name it Ispahān (New Persian) so that it wouldn’t be threatened by the Ottomans. This new status ushered in a golden age for the city, with architecture and Persian culture flourishing. In the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of deportees and migrants from the Caucasus, that Abbas and other Safavid rulers had permitted to emigrate en masse, settled in the city. So now the city had enclaves of Georgian, Circassian, and Daghistani descent.[14] Engelbert Kaempfer, who dwelt in Safavid Persia in 1684–85, estimated their number at 20,000.[14][15] During the Safavid era, the city contained a very large Armenian community as well. As part of Abbas’s forced resettlement of peoples from within his empire, he resettled as many as 300,000 Armenians[16][17]) from near the unstable Safavid-Ottoman border, primarily from the very wealthy Armenian town of Jugha (also known as Old Julfa) in mainland Iran.[17] In Isfahan, he ordered the foundation of a new quarter for these resettled Armenians from Old Julfa, and thus the Armenian Quarter of Isfahan was named New Julfa.[16][17] Today, the New Jolfa district of Isfahan remains a heavily Armenian-populated district, with Armenian churches and shops, the Vank Cathedral being especially notable for its combination of Armenian Christian and Iranian Islamic elements. It is still one of the oldest and largest Armenian quarters in the world. Following an agreement between Shah Abbas I and his Georgian subject Teimuraz I of Kakheti (“Tahmuras Khan”), whereby the latter submitted to Safavid rule in exchange for being allowed to rule as the region’s wāli (governor) and for having his son serve as dāruḡa (“prefect”) of Isfahan in perpetuity, the Georgian prince converted to Islam and served as governor.[14] He was accompanied by a troop of soldiers,[14] some of whom were Georgian Orthodox Christians.[14] The royal court in Isfahan had a great number of Georgian ḡolāms (military slaves), as well as Georgian women.[14] Although they spoke both Persian and Turkic, their mother tongue was Georgian.[14] During Abbas’s reign, Isfahan became very famous in Europe, and many European travellers made an account of their visit to the city, such as Jean Chardin. This prosperity lasted until it was sacked by Afghan invaders in 1722 during a marked decline in Safavid influence.
Thereafter, Isfahan experienced a decline in importance, culminating in a move of the capital to Mashhad and Shiraz during the Afsharid and Zand periods respectively, until it was finally moved to Tehran in 1775 by Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of the Qajar dynasty. (See https://www.britannica.com/place/Tehran)
In the early years of the 19th century, efforts were made to preserve some of Ifsahan’s archeologically important buildings. The work was started by Mohammad Hossein Khan during the reign of Fath Ali Shah.[18]
In the 20th century, Isfahan was resettled by a very large number of people from southern Iran, firstly during the population migrations at the start of the century, and again in the 1980s following the Iran–Iraq War.
Today, Isfahan produces fine carpets, textiles, steel, handicrafts, and traditional foods including sweets. There are nuclear experimental reactors as well as facilities for producing nuclear fuel (UCF) within the environs of the city. Isfahan has one of the largest steel-producing facilities in the region, as well as facilities for producing special alloys. Mobarakeh Steel Company is the biggest steel producer in the whole of the Middle East and Northern Africa, and it is the biggest DRI producer in the world.[19] The Isfahan Steel Company was the first manufacturer of constructional steel products in Iran, and it remains the largest such company today.[20]
The city has an international airport and a metro line.
There are a major oil refinery and a large airforce base outside the city. HESA, Iran’s most advanced aircraft manufacturing plant, is located just outside the city.[21][22] Isfahan is also attracting international investment,[23] especially in the Isfahan City Center[24] which is the largest shopping mall in Iran and the fifth largest in the world.[25]
Isfahan hosted the International Physics Olympiad in 2007.
The city is located in the lush plain of the Zayanderud River at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The nearest mountain is Mount Soffeh (Kuh-e Soffeh), just south of the city. No geological obstacles exist within 90 kilometres (56 miles) north of Isfahan, allowing cool winds to blow from this direction. Situated at 1,590 metres (5,217 ft) above sea level on the eastern side of the Zagros Mountains, Isfahan has an arid climate (Köppen BWk). Despite its altitude, Isfahan remains hot during the summer, with maxima typically around 35 °C (95 °F). However, with low humidity and moderate temperatures at night, the climate is quite pleasant. During the winter, days are mild while nights can be very cold. Snow has occurred at least once every winter except 1986/1987 and 1989/1990.[26] The Zayande River starts in the Zagros Mountains, flowing from the west through the heart of the city, then dissipates in the Gavkhooni wetland.
Air pollution is one of the major environmental issues in Isfahan. Due to an increase in the number of cars in the city, thermal power plants, petrochemical complexes and the oil refinery in the west of the city, air pollution levels have increased markedly in the second half of the 20th century. With the introduction of national environment levels for heavy industry, industrial pollution has been reduced in recent years. However, the air quality in the city is far below world norms. Indeed, Isfahan has the highest air pollution index of all the major cities in Iran. This is thought to be partly due to its climate and geography.[30]
Main places
.
The city centre consists of an older section revolving around the Jameh Mosque, and the Safavid expansion around Naqsh-e Jahan Square, with nearby places of worship, palaces, and bazaars.[31]
The bridges on the Zayanderud river comprise some of the finest architecture in Isfahan. The oldest bridge is the Shahrestan bridge, whose foundations were built by the Sasanian Empire (3rd–7th century Sassanid era); it was repaired during the Seljuk period. Further upstream is the Khaju bridge, which was built by Shah Abbas II in 1650. It is 123 metres (404 feet) long with 24 arches, and also serves as a sluice gate.
Another bridge is the Choobi (Joui) bridge, which was originally an aqueduct to supply the palace gardens on the north bank of the river. Further upstream again is the Si-o-Seh Pol or bridge of 33 arches. Built during the reign of Shah Abbas the Great, it linked Isfahan with the Armenian suburb of New Julfa. It is by far the longest bridge in Isfahan at 295 m (967.85 ft).
Another notable bridge is the Marnan Bridge.
The central historical area in Isfahan is called Seeosepol (the name of a famous bridge).[33][34]
Aside from the seminaries and religious schools, the major universities of the Esfahan metropolitan area are:
There are also more than 50 technical and vocational training centres in the province under the administration of Esfahan TVTO, which provide free, non-formal training programs.[36]
Over the past decade, Isfahan’s internal highway network has been undergoing major expansion. Much care has been taken to prevent damage to valuable, historical buildings. Modern freeways connect the city to the country’s major cities, including the capital Tehran (length approximately 400 km) to the north and Shiraz (200 km) to the south. Highways also service satellite cities surrounding the metropolitan area.[37]
A line of metro that runs for 11 km from north to south opened on October 15, 2015. Two more lines are in construction, alongside with three suburban rail lines.[38]
Zob Ahan and Sepahan are the only Iranian clubs to reach the final of the new AFC Champions League.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
Isfahan has three association football clubs that play professionally. These are:
Sepahan has won the most league titles among the Iranian clubs (2002–03, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12 and 2014–15).[65]
Giti Pasand also has a futsal team, Giti Pasand FSC, one of the best teams in Asia. They won the AFC Futsal Club Championship in 2012 and were runners-up in 2013.
Isfahan is twinned with:
Isfahan travel guide from Wikivoyage
Isfahan province (Persian: استان اصفهان, romanized: Ostāne Esfahan), also transliterated as Esfahan, Espahan, Isfahan, or Isphahan, is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran. It is located in the center of the country in Iran’s Region 2.[3] Its secretariat is located in the city of Isfahan.
The Isfahan province covers an area of approximately 107,027 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Isfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it is bordered by the province of Lurestan and to the southwest by the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.
The city of Isfahan is the provincial capital; and the counties of this province are as follows: Aran va Bidgol County, Ardestan County, Isfahan County, Lenjan County, Shahin Shahr and Meymeh County, Khomeyni Shahr County, Khansar County, Semirom County, Faridan County, Fereydunshahr County, Falavarjan County, Kashan County, Golpayegan County, Mobarakeh County, Nain County, Najafabad County, Dehaqan County, Shahreza County, Borkhar County, Tiran and Karvan County, Chadegan County, Buin va Miandasht County, Khur and Biabanak County and Natanz County; 18 townships, 25 counties, 93 cities, and 2,470 villages in all. According to the census in the year 2006, the population of the province was 4,559,256 of which approximately 83.3 percent were urban residents and 16.7 percent resided in the rural areas. The literacy rate was 88.65 percent. In 2011 population of Isfahan grew up to 4,879,312.[4]
The province experiences a moderate and dry climate on the whole, ranging between 40.6 °C and 10.6 °C on a cold day in the winter season. The average annual temperature has been recorded as 16.7 °C and the annual rainfall on an average has been reported as 116.9 mm. The city of Sepahan (Esfahan) however experiences an excellent climate, with four distinct seasons.
With an elevation of 4,040 metres, the Shahankuh is the highest peak in Isfahan Province. This mountain is located about 20 kilometres southwest of the city of Fereydunshahr in the western part of Isfahan Province.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
Isfahan province consists of 52 rivers. They are small and temporary, with the exception of the Zāyanderud, which totals 405 km in length a basin area of 27,100 km2. [5]
Historians have recorded Espahan, Sepahan or Isfahan initially as a defense and military base. The security and protection of the gradually increasing castles and fortifications, thereby, would provide the protection of residents nearby, therefore leading to the growth of large settlements nearby. These historical castles were Atashgah, Sarooyieh, Tabarok, Kohan Dej, and Gard Dej. The oldest of these is Ghal’eh Sefeed and the grounds at Tamijan from prehistoric times. The historic village of Abyaneh, a nationwide attraction, also has Sassanid ruins and fire temples among other historical relics.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan province enjoyed high standards of prosperity as it became the capital of Safavid Persia. While the city of Sepahan (Esfahan) was their seat of monarchy, Kashan was their place of vacation and leisure.
Isfahan province encompasses various sects today. The majority of the people in the province are Persian speakers, but Bakhtiari Lurs, Georgians, Armenians, Qashqais and Persian Jews also reside in the province. The official language of the province is Persian, though different ethnic groups and tribes abide by their own language such as Judeo-Persian, Armenian, Georgian, Qashqai Turkic or Bakhtiari Lurish. Isfahan province is noted for its reputed personalities such as writers, poets and other eminent figures who have been born and brought up or have lived in this territory.
Several well-known Islamic Azad University campuses in Iran are located in the province:
Naqsh-e Jahan Square (Persian: میدان نقش جهان Maidān-e Naqsh-e Jahān; trans: “Image of the World Square”), also known as Meidan Emam, is a square situated at the center of Isfahan, Iran. Constructed between 1598 and 1629, it is now an important historical site, and one of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites. It is 160 metres (520 ft) wide by 560 metres (1,840 ft) long[1] (an area of 89,600 square metres (964,000 sq ft)). It is also referred to as Shah Square or Imam Square.[2]
The square is surrounded by buildings from the Safavid era.
The Shah Mosque is situated on the south side of this square. On the west side is the Ali Qapu Palace. Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque is situated on the eastern side of this square and at the northern side Qeysarie Gate opens into the Isfahan Grand Bazaar.
Today, Namaaz-e Jom’eh (the Muslim Friday prayer) is held in the Shah Mosque.
The square is depicted on the reverse of the Iranian 20,000 rials banknote.[3]
In 1598, when Shah Abbas decided to move the capital of his empire from the north-western city of Qazvin to the central city of Isfahan, he initiated what would become one of the greatest programmes in Persian history; the complete remaking of the city. By choosing the central city of Isfahan, fertilized by the Zāyande roud (“The life-giving river”), lying as an oasis of intense cultivation in the midst of a vast area of arid landscape, he distanced his capital from any future assaults by the Ottomans, the arch rival of the Safavids,[4] and the Uzbeks, and at the same time gained more control over the Persian Gulf, which had recently become an important trading route for the Dutch and British East India Companies.[5]
The chief architect of this colossal task of urban planning was Shaykh Bahai (Baha’ ad-Din al-`Amili),[6] who focused the programme on two key features of Shah Abbas’s master plan: the Chahar Bagh avenue, flanked at either side by all the prominent institutions of the city, such as the residences of all foreign dignitaries, and the Naqsh-e Jahan Square (“Exemplar of the World”).[7] Prior to the Shah’s ascent to power, Persia had a decentralized power-structure, in which different institutions battled for power, including both the military (the Qizilbash) and governors of the different provinces making up the empire. Shah Abbas wanted to undermine this political structure, and the recreation of Isfahan, as a Grand capital of Persia, was an important step in centralizing the power.[8] The ingenuity of the square, or Maidān, was that, by building it, Shah Abbas would gather the three main components of power in Persia in his own backyard; the power of the clergy, represented by the Masjed-e Shah, the power of the merchants, represented by the Imperial Bazaar, and of course, the power of the Shah himself, residing in the Ali Qapu Palace.
The Maidan was where the Shah and the people met. Built as a two story row of shops, flanked by impressive architecture, and eventually leading up to the northern end, where the Imperial Bazaar was situated, the square was a busy arena of entertainment and business, exchanged between people from all corners of the world. As Isfahan was a vital stop along the Silk Road, goods from all the civilized countries of the world, spanning from Portugal in the West, to the Middle Kingdom in the East, found its ways to the hands of gifted merchants, who knew how to make the best profits out of them.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
The Royal Square was also admired by Europeans who visited Isfahan during Shah Abbas’ reign. Pietro Della Valle conceded that it outshone the Piazza Navona in his native Rome.
During the day, much of the square was occupied by the tents and stalls of tradesmen, who paid a weekly rental to the government. There were also entertainers and actors. For the hungry, there were readily available cooked foods or slices of melon, while cups of water were handed out for free by water-carriers paid for by the shop-keepers. At the entrance to the Imperial Bazaar, there were coffee-houses, where people could relax over a cup of fresh coffee and a water-pipe.[9] These shops can still be found today, although the drink in fashion for the past century has been tea, rather than coffee. At dusk, the shop-keepers packed up, and the huzz and buzz of tradesmen and eager shoppers bargaining over the prices of goods would be given over to dervishes, mummers, jugglers, puppet-players, acrobats and prostitutes.[10]
Every now and then the square would be cleared off for public ceremonies and festivities. One such occasion would be the annual event of Nowruz, the Persian New Year. Also, the national Persian sport of polo could be played in the maidan, providing the Shah, residing in the Ali Qapu palace, and the busy shoppers with some entertainment.[11][12] The marble goal-posts, erected by Shah Abbas, still stand at either end of the Maydan.
Under Abbas, Isfahan became a very cosmopolitan city, with a resident population of Turks, Georgians, Armenians, Indians, Chinese and a growing number of Europeans. Shah Abbas brought in some 300 Chinese artisans to work in the royal workshops and to teach the art of porcelain-making. The Indians were present in very large numbers, housed in the many caravanserais that were dedicated to them,[13] and they mainly worked as merchants and money-changers. The Europeans were there as merchants, Roman Catholic missionaries, artists and craftsmen. Even soldiers, usually with expertise in artillery, would make the journey from Europe to Persia to make a living.[14] The Portuguese ambassador, De Gouvea, once stated that:
Also, many historians have wondered about the peculiar orientation of the maidān. Unlike most buildings of importance, this square did not lie in alignment with Mecca, so that when entering the entrance-portal of the Shah Mosque, one makes, almost without realising it, the half-right turn which enables the main court within to face Mecca. Donald Wilber gives the most plausible explanation to this; the vision of Shaykh Bahai was for the mosque to be visible wherever in the maydān a person was situated. Had the axis of the maydān coincided with the axis of Mecca, the dome of the mosque would have been concealed from view by the towering entrance-portal leading to it. By creating an angle between them, the two parts of the building, the entrance-portal and the dome, are in perfect view for everyone within the square to admire.[16]
The Crown Jewel in the Naghs-e Jahan Square was the Masjed-e Shah, which would replace the much older Jameh Mosque in conducting the Friday prayers. To achieve this, the Shah Mosque was constructed not only with vision of grandeur, having the largest dome in the city, but Shaykh Bahai also planned the construction of a religious school and a winter-mosque clamped at either side of it.[17]
Of the four monuments that dominated the perimeter of the Naqsh-e Jahan square, the Lotfollah Mosque, opposite the palace, was the first to be built. The purpose of this mosque was for it to be a private mosque of the royal court, unlike the Masjed-e Shah, which was meant for the public.[18] For this reason, the mosque does not have any minarets and is of a smaller size. Indeed, few Westerners at the time of the Safavids even paid any attention to this mosque, and they certainly did not have access to it. It wasn’t until centuries later, when the doors were opened to the public, that ordinary people could admire the effort that Shah Abbas had put into making this a sacred place for the ladies of his harem, and the exquisite tile-work, which is far superior to those covering the Shah Mosque.
Ali Qapu (pronounced, ah-lee gah-pooh) is in effect but a pavilion that marks the entrance to the vast royal residential quarter of the Safavid Isfahan which stretched from the Maidan Naqsh-e Jahan to the Chahar Bagh Boulevard. The name is made of two elements: “Ali”, Arabic for exalted, and “Qapu” Turkic for portal or royal threshold. The compound stands for “Exalted Porte”. This name was chosen by the Safavids to rival the Ottomans’ celebrated name for their court : Bab-i Ali, or the “Sublime Porte”).
It was here that the great monarch used to entertain noble visitors, and foreign ambassadors.
Shah Abbas, here for the first time celebrated the Nowruz (New Year’s Day) of 1006 AH / 1597 A.D. A large and massive rectangular structure, the Ali Qapu is 48 m (157 ft) high and has six floors, fronted with a wide terrace whose ceiling is inlaid and supported by wooden columns.
On the sixth floor, the royal reception and banquets were held. The largest rooms are found on this floor. The stucco decoration of the banquet hall abounds in motif of various vessels and cups. The sixth floor was popularly called (the music room) as it was here that various ensembles performed music and sang songs. From the upper galleries, the Safavid ruler watched polo games, maneuvers and horse-racing below in the Naqsh-e Jahan square.[19]
The Bazaar of Isfahan is a historical market and one of the oldest and largest bazaars of the Middle East. Although the present structure dates back to the Safavid era, parts of it are more than a thousand years old, dating back to the Seljuq dynasty. It is a vaulted, two kilometer street linking the old city with the new.[20]
The Allahverdi Khan Bridge (Persian: پل اللهوردی خان), popularly known as Si-o-se-pol (Persian: سیوسهپل, lit. ‘[the] bridge of thirty-three [spans]’),[1] is the largest of the eleven historical bridges on the Zayanderud, the largest river of the Iranian Plateau, in Isfahan, Iran.[2]
The bridge was built in the early 17th century to serve as both a bridge and a dam.[3] It is a popular recreational gathering place, and is one of the most famous examples of Iran’s Safavid architecture.
Si-o-se-pol was built between 1599 and 1602,[4] under the reign of Abbas I, the fifth Safavid king (shah) of Iran. It was constructed under the supervision of Allahverdi Khan Undiladze, the commander-in-chief of the armies, who was of Georgian origin, and was also named after him.[5]
The bridge served particularly as a connection between the mansions of the elite, as well as a link to the city’s vital Armenian neighborhood of New Julfa.[1]
The bridge has a total length of 297.76 metres (976.9 ft) and a total width of 14.75 metres (48.4 ft). It is a vaulted arch bridge consisting of two superimposed rows of 33 arches, from whence its popular name of Si-o-se-pol comes, and is made of stone. The longest span is about 5.60 metres (18.4 ft).[4] The interior of Si-o-se-pol had originally been decorated with paintings, which were often described by travelers to have been erotic.[1]
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a larger base plank at the start of the bridge, under which the Zayanderud flows, supporting a tea house, which is nowadays abandoned.[citation needed]
A 17th-century drawing of Si-o-se-pol by Jean Chardin.
Benches and tables next to Si-o-se-pol.
A view of the arches under Si-o-se-pol.
Si-o-se-pol in December 2015.
Si-o-se-pol’s view of the Zayanderud.
The statue of Allahverdi Khan, next to the bridge.
Si-o-se-pol at night.
Si-o-se-pol’s walkway at night.
Baharestan (Persian: بهارستان, also Romanized as Bahārestān and Bahristān)[2] is a city in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45,538, in 12,769 families.[3]
Baharestan is a new planned city situated 20 km southeast of Isfahan and north of Lashtar mountains along Isfahan-Shiraz Road.
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이 도시의 존재는 아케메네스 왕조 시대로 거슬러 올라가며, 10세기에는 이미 이스파한이란 이름으로 불리고 있었다. 이슬람 이후에는 특히 상업도시로서 번영, 칭기스 칸, 티무르에게 약탈을 당하기도 했다.
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ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
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Isfahan (Persian: اصفهان, also known as Esfahan) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Isfahan Province. The Persians call it Nesf-e Jahan, meaning “Half of The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430 km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran.
Much of the splendor of the city, including most of its finest monuments, date back to the Safavid era, when the city was the imperial capital of Iran.
The city has an Armenian quarter called New Jolfa established by Shah Abbas I in the 1600s. The district is named after the town of Julfa, still existing along the Aras river, from where Armenians were forcefully relocated during the development of Isfahan. They were allocated land south of the Zayandeh river, and built a prosperous community thanks to international trade networks. Today the quarter still has many Armenian churches and institutions.
There are daily flights to Tehran and Mashhad in Iran. There are also flights to Dubai, Kuwait and Istanbul.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
32.745851.8768411 Isfahan International Airport (Isfahan Shahid Beheshti, IFN IATA) (30 km north-east away from the city centre), ☏ +98 31 3527 5063. It was a military air base before the revolution. (updated Mar 2017)
Getting there: From the airport taxi costs 350,000 rials to the city centre (as of 2016).
Besides, there are direct buses to Tehran’s Imam Khomeini International Airport leave from Terminal-e Kaveh at 13:00, 18:00, 20:30 (and possibly other times as well). A trip costs 275,000 rials and takes under 6 hours (as of Sep 2016).
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs 240,000 rials for sleeping in a comfortable 6-bed compartment.
32.54920651.6947792 Isfahan Railway Station (15 km south of city centre). (updated Mar 2017)
Getting there: take bus #37 from the train station to Soffe Bus Terminal (ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafés and things to see.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are good routes to the capital Tehran, Kashan, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are several bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you.
From Tehran the busiest and most comfortable bus terminal to get to Isfahan is Beyhaghi terminal (known also as Argentina terminal) and Southern Terminal. Also there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.)
A metro opened in October 2015
The easiest and the cheapest way of traveling inside of Isfahan is buying Isfahan card which is a multi-journey contactless card sold at certain bus stop booths. A single journey costs 5,000 rials when using Isfahan card or 10,000 rials if paid directly to a bus driver (as of 2017). There are separate sections in a bus: front – for men and rear – for women.
Short rides cost 50,000 rials, longer ones to Soffeh mountain and bus terminals – 100,000 rials (as of 2007). Taxi drivers will try to demand at least double of those prices at the beginning.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this everyday. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Jolfa – The Armenian Quarter, it includes one of the most beautiful churches in Iran.
Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University – Foreign students can learn Persian here as part of tailor-made courses to suit their needs. Contact: Foreign Student Coordinator Ghaem Blv., Sepahan Shahr,Tel: 98-311-6502820-28
Shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are lots of coffee shops in Isfahan.
There are various Internet cafés in Isfahan. The best place which has the fastest connection and also cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by five minutes walk.
Isfahan (or Es·fa·han (ĕs’fə-hän’, Persian: اصفهان) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Esfahan Province. The Persians call it “Nesf-e-Jahan”, meaning “Half The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran. It is similar to Denver in the United States in terms of altitude and precipitation. It is the twin city of Freiburg and Freiburg street in Isfahan is famous.
Isfahan experiences an arid climate, much like the rest of the Iranian plateau with little rainfall. It features cold winters with temperatures between -2°C (27°F) and 8°C (47°F) in January. Cold waves can occasionally lower temperatures to -10°C (14°F) and the record low is -19.4°C (-2.9°F). Snow does fall at least once every winter. In contrast, summers can get hot with highs topping 36°C (97°F) in July but with pleasant nights just above 21°C (70°F). Heat waves do occur and the record high is 43°C (109°F).
In April 2019 Isfahan airport, while not really equipped to be entitled an international airport, will also provide visum on arrival for those first arriving in Iran on this airport. Even when your e-visum got rejected, they do not care. When you get into the terminal, don’t stand in line for the passport checks but linger around near the VISA office opposite of the entrance. Someone in a suit will ask you about your trip and your occupation. They also ask for a reference number. In case your e-visum was rejected, just say no. They will tell you first to go to the VISA office, fill out a form (the same one as the online one), then you pay at the bank. Wait around for a bit and in about half an hour they will return with your passport. Then they ask you to pay for insurance and you can get on to passport control. They put a sticker in your passport and then you’re in. Don’t freak out if your bags aren’t on the luggage belt (you can see it through a glass wall), they gather it for you when you’re in the application process and give it to you when you’re finished.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs IRR350,000 for sleeping in a small 6-bed compartment.
The train station in Isfahan is located far from the old town. Take bus #37 from the train station to Sofeh bus terminal(ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to the old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafes, and sightseeing.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are automobile routes to capital Tehran,Qom, Na’in, Kashan, Varzaneh, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are multiple bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you. Kaveh, Sofeh, Zayanderud, and Jey are namely the major bus terminals of Isfahan city.
There are buses to/from Tehran every 15 minutes in Kaveh terminal. Also, there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.). The ticket to Tehran costs IRR330,000 with luxury ones.
Jey Terminal bus is dedicated to major destinations at the east of Isfahan, including Varzaneh (famous for its desert and traditional lifestyle), Na’in and Yazd.
It is easy to get around Isfahan by bus. A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2016); you can pay the driver directly, or buy multi-journey contactless cards at certain bus stop booths. Note that there are separate men (front) and women (rear) sections on each bus.
From Kaveh Bus Terminal, take Bus 91 which runs down Chahar Bagh-e Pa’in St towards the city center, past Takhti Junction and Imam Hossein Sq.
Isfahan Metro is a metro system serving the city of Isfahan, Iran.
The first phase of Line 1 runs for 11 km from Qods in the northwest to Shohada via Kaveh (Northen long-distance bus terminal) to Sofeh (Southern long-distance bus terminal) . A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2018) you can buy multi-journey contactless cards at any metro station ticket seller offices.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this every day. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Address: No.177, Ghorbanian Deadend, Bazarcheh st., Second Moshtagh (Near Shahrestan Bridge).
Two main state universities of Esfahan are:
Other universities are:
Average Salary in Isfahan is a bit lower than Tehran(Iran Capital) but the same is true for the cost of living. Isfahan has a lot of steel and construction-related industries as well as Power Generation plants.
There are a lot of technology towns like Sheikh behave, Jay, Amir Kabir, Oshtorjaan and many others which all are active in the industry.
Qualified people can work in these towns or directly in the industries.
Some large companies in Isfahan are:
Note that shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are many coffee shops in Isfahan. Most of the are located around Vank church.
There are various Internet cafés in Esfahan. The cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan but speed is not reasonable. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by two minutes walk.
Isfahan (or Es·fa·han (ĕs’fə-hän’, Persian: اصفهان) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Esfahan Province. The Persians call it “Nesf-e-Jahan”, meaning “Half The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran. It is similar to Denver in the United States in terms of altitude and precipitation. It is the twin city of Freiburg and Freiburg street in Isfahan is famous.
Isfahan experiences an arid climate, much like the rest of the Iranian plateau with little rainfall. It features cold winters with temperatures between -2°C (27°F) and 8°C (47°F) in January. Cold waves can occasionally lower temperatures to -10°C (14°F) and the record low is -19.4°C (-2.9°F). Snow does fall at least once every winter. In contrast, summers can get hot with highs topping 36°C (97°F) in July but with pleasant nights just above 21°C (70°F). Heat waves do occur and the record high is 43°C (109°F).
In April 2019 Isfahan airport, while not really equipped to be entitled an international airport, will also provide visum on arrival for those first arriving in Iran on this airport. Even when your e-visum got rejected, they do not care. When you get into the terminal, don’t stand in line for the passport checks but linger around near the VISA office opposite of the entrance. Someone in a suit will ask you about your trip and your occupation. They also ask for a reference number. In case your e-visum was rejected, just say no. They will tell you first to go to the VISA office, fill out a form (the same one as the online one), then you pay at the bank. Wait around for a bit and in about half an hour they will return with your passport. Then they ask you to pay for insurance and you can get on to passport control. They put a sticker in your passport and then you’re in. Don’t freak out if your bags aren’t on the luggage belt (you can see it through a glass wall), they gather it for you when you’re in the application process and give it to you when you’re finished.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs IRR350,000 for sleeping in a small 6-bed compartment.
The train station in Isfahan is located far from the old town. Take bus #37 from the train station to Sofeh bus terminal(ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to the old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafes, and sightseeing.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are automobile routes to capital Tehran,Qom, Na’in, Kashan, Varzaneh, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are multiple bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you. Kaveh, Sofeh, Zayanderud, and Jey are namely the major bus terminals of Isfahan city.
There are buses to/from Tehran every 15 minutes in Kaveh terminal. Also, there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.). The ticket to Tehran costs IRR330,000 with luxury ones.
Jey Terminal bus is dedicated to major destinations at the east of Isfahan, including Varzaneh (famous for its desert and traditional lifestyle), Na’in and Yazd.
It is easy to get around Isfahan by bus. A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2016); you can pay the driver directly, or buy multi-journey contactless cards at certain bus stop booths. Note that there are separate men (front) and women (rear) sections on each bus.
From Kaveh Bus Terminal, take Bus 91 which runs down Chahar Bagh-e Pa’in St towards the city center, past Takhti Junction and Imam Hossein Sq.
Isfahan Metro is a metro system serving the city of Isfahan, Iran.
The first phase of Line 1 runs for 11 km from Qods in the northwest to Shohada via Kaveh (Northen long-distance bus terminal) to Sofeh (Southern long-distance bus terminal) . A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2018) you can buy multi-journey contactless cards at any metro station ticket seller offices.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this every day. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Address: No.177, Ghorbanian Deadend, Bazarcheh st., Second Moshtagh (Near Shahrestan Bridge).
Two main state universities of Esfahan are:
Other universities are:
Average Salary in Isfahan is a bit lower than Tehran(Iran Capital) but the same is true for the cost of living. Isfahan has a lot of steel and construction-related industries as well as Power Generation plants.
There are a lot of technology towns like Sheikh behave, Jay, Amir Kabir, Oshtorjaan and many others which all are active in the industry.
Qualified people can work in these towns or directly in the industries.
Some large companies in Isfahan are:
Note that shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are many coffee shops in Isfahan. Most of the are located around Vank church.
There are various Internet cafés in Esfahan. The cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan but speed is not reasonable. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by two minutes walk.
Isfahan (or Es·fa·han (ĕs’fə-hän’, Persian: اصفهان) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Esfahan Province. The Persians call it “Nesf-e-Jahan”, meaning “Half The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran. It is similar to Denver in the United States in terms of altitude and precipitation. It is the twin city of Freiburg and Freiburg street in Isfahan is famous.
Isfahan experiences an arid climate, much like the rest of the Iranian plateau with little rainfall. It features cold winters with temperatures between -2°C (27°F) and 8°C (47°F) in January. Cold waves can occasionally lower temperatures to -10°C (14°F) and the record low is -19.4°C (-2.9°F). Snow does fall at least once every winter. In contrast, summers can get hot with highs topping 36°C (97°F) in July but with pleasant nights just above 21°C (70°F). Heat waves do occur and the record high is 43°C (109°F).
In April 2019 Isfahan airport, while not really equipped to be entitled an international airport, will also provide visum on arrival for those first arriving in Iran on this airport. Even when your e-visum got rejected, they do not care. When you get into the terminal, don’t stand in line for the passport checks but linger around near the VISA office opposite of the entrance. Someone in a suit will ask you about your trip and your occupation. They also ask for a reference number. In case your e-visum was rejected, just say no. They will tell you first to go to the VISA office, fill out a form (the same one as the online one), then you pay at the bank. Wait around for a bit and in about half an hour they will return with your passport. Then they ask you to pay for insurance and you can get on to passport control. They put a sticker in your passport and then you’re in. Don’t freak out if your bags aren’t on the luggage belt (you can see it through a glass wall), they gather it for you when you’re in the application process and give it to you when you’re finished.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs IRR350,000 for sleeping in a small 6-bed compartment.
The train station in Isfahan is located far from the old town. Take bus #37 from the train station to Sofeh bus terminal(ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to the old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafes, and sightseeing.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are automobile routes to capital Tehran,Qom, Na’in, Kashan, Varzaneh, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are multiple bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you. Kaveh, Sofeh, Zayanderud, and Jey are namely the major bus terminals of Isfahan city.
There are buses to/from Tehran every 15 minutes in Kaveh terminal. Also, there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.). The ticket to Tehran costs IRR330,000 with luxury ones.
Jey Terminal bus is dedicated to major destinations at the east of Isfahan, including Varzaneh (famous for its desert and traditional lifestyle), Na’in and Yazd.
It is easy to get around Isfahan by bus. A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2016); you can pay the driver directly, or buy multi-journey contactless cards at certain bus stop booths. Note that there are separate men (front) and women (rear) sections on each bus.
From Kaveh Bus Terminal, take Bus 91 which runs down Chahar Bagh-e Pa’in St towards the city center, past Takhti Junction and Imam Hossein Sq.
Isfahan Metro is a metro system serving the city of Isfahan, Iran.
The first phase of Line 1 runs for 11 km from Qods in the northwest to Shohada via Kaveh (Northen long-distance bus terminal) to Sofeh (Southern long-distance bus terminal) . A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2018) you can buy multi-journey contactless cards at any metro station ticket seller offices.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this every day. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Address: No.177, Ghorbanian Deadend, Bazarcheh st., Second Moshtagh (Near Shahrestan Bridge).
Two main state universities of Esfahan are:
Other universities are:
Average Salary in Isfahan is a bit lower than Tehran(Iran Capital) but the same is true for the cost of living. Isfahan has a lot of steel and construction-related industries as well as Power Generation plants.
There are a lot of technology towns like Sheikh behave, Jay, Amir Kabir, Oshtorjaan and many others which all are active in the industry.
Qualified people can work in these towns or directly in the industries.
Some large companies in Isfahan are:
Note that shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are many coffee shops in Isfahan. Most of the are located around Vank church.
There are various Internet cafés in Esfahan. The cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan but speed is not reasonable. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by two minutes walk.
Isfahan (or Es·fa·han (ĕs’fə-hän’, Persian: اصفهان) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Esfahan Province. The Persians call it “Nesf-e-Jahan”, meaning “Half The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran. It is similar to Denver in the United States in terms of altitude and precipitation. It is the twin city of Freiburg and Freiburg street in Isfahan is famous.
Isfahan experiences an arid climate, much like the rest of the Iranian plateau with little rainfall. It features cold winters with temperatures between -2°C (27°F) and 8°C (47°F) in January. Cold waves can occasionally lower temperatures to -10°C (14°F) and the record low is -19.4°C (-2.9°F). Snow does fall at least once every winter. In contrast, summers can get hot with highs topping 36°C (97°F) in July but with pleasant nights just above 21°C (70°F). Heat waves do occur and the record high is 43°C (109°F).
In April 2019 Isfahan airport, while not really equipped to be entitled an international airport, will also provide visum on arrival for those first arriving in Iran on this airport. Even when your e-visum got rejected, they do not care. When you get into the terminal, don’t stand in line for the passport checks but linger around near the VISA office opposite of the entrance. Someone in a suit will ask you about your trip and your occupation. They also ask for a reference number. In case your e-visum was rejected, just say no. They will tell you first to go to the VISA office, fill out a form (the same one as the online one), then you pay at the bank. Wait around for a bit and in about half an hour they will return with your passport. Then they ask you to pay for insurance and you can get on to passport control. They put a sticker in your passport and then you’re in. Don’t freak out if your bags aren’t on the luggage belt (you can see it through a glass wall), they gather it for you when you’re in the application process and give it to you when you’re finished.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs IRR350,000 for sleeping in a small 6-bed compartment.
The train station in Isfahan is located far from the old town. Take bus #37 from the train station to Sofeh bus terminal(ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to the old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafes, and sightseeing.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are automobile routes to capital Tehran,Qom, Na’in, Kashan, Varzaneh, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are multiple bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you. Kaveh, Sofeh, Zayanderud, and Jey are namely the major bus terminals of Isfahan city.
There are buses to/from Tehran every 15 minutes in Kaveh terminal. Also, there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.). The ticket to Tehran costs IRR330,000 with luxury ones.
Jey Terminal bus is dedicated to major destinations at the east of Isfahan, including Varzaneh (famous for its desert and traditional lifestyle), Na’in and Yazd.
It is easy to get around Isfahan by bus. A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2016); you can pay the driver directly, or buy multi-journey contactless cards at certain bus stop booths. Note that there are separate men (front) and women (rear) sections on each bus.
From Kaveh Bus Terminal, take Bus 91 which runs down Chahar Bagh-e Pa’in St towards the city center, past Takhti Junction and Imam Hossein Sq.
Isfahan Metro is a metro system serving the city of Isfahan, Iran.
The first phase of Line 1 runs for 11 km from Qods in the northwest to Shohada via Kaveh (Northen long-distance bus terminal) to Sofeh (Southern long-distance bus terminal) . A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2018) you can buy multi-journey contactless cards at any metro station ticket seller offices.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this every day. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Address: No.177, Ghorbanian Deadend, Bazarcheh st., Second Moshtagh (Near Shahrestan Bridge).
Two main state universities of Esfahan are:
Other universities are:
Average Salary in Isfahan is a bit lower than Tehran(Iran Capital) but the same is true for the cost of living. Isfahan has a lot of steel and construction-related industries as well as Power Generation plants.
There are a lot of technology towns like Sheikh behave, Jay, Amir Kabir, Oshtorjaan and many others which all are active in the industry.
Qualified people can work in these towns or directly in the industries.
Some large companies in Isfahan are:
Note that shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are many coffee shops in Isfahan. Most of the are located around Vank church.
There are various Internet cafés in Esfahan. The cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan but speed is not reasonable. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by two minutes walk.
Isfahan (or Es·fa·han (ĕs’fə-hän’, Persian: اصفهان) is a city in central Iran, south of Tehran and is the capital of Esfahan Province. The Persians call it “Nesf-e-Jahan”, meaning “Half The World”. Due to its beautiful hand-painted tiling and magnificent public square, it is considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. An ancient town and capital of Persia from 1598 to 1722, it was long noted for its fine carpets and silver filigree. Today, textile and steel mills take their place. Its architecture, tree-lined boulevards and relaxed pace make it one of the highlights of Iran.
The city is 430km south of Tehran at the foothills of the Zagros mountain range. The city enjoys a temperate climate and regular seasons. Isfahan is located on the main north-south and east-west routes crossing Iran. It is similar to Denver in the United States in terms of altitude and precipitation. It is the twin city of Freiburg and Freiburg street in Isfahan is famous.
Isfahan experiences an arid climate, much like the rest of the Iranian plateau with little rainfall. It features cold winters with temperatures between -2°C (27°F) and 8°C (47°F) in January. Cold waves can occasionally lower temperatures to -10°C (14°F) and the record low is -19.4°C (-2.9°F). Snow does fall at least once every winter. In contrast, summers can get hot with highs topping 36°C (97°F) in July but with pleasant nights just above 21°C (70°F). Heat waves do occur and the record high is 43°C (109°F).
In April 2019 Isfahan airport, while not really equipped to be entitled an international airport, will also provide visum on arrival for those first arriving in Iran on this airport. Even when your e-visum got rejected, they do not care. When you get into the terminal, don’t stand in line for the passport checks but linger around near the VISA office opposite of the entrance. Someone in a suit will ask you about your trip and your occupation. They also ask for a reference number. In case your e-visum was rejected, just say no. They will tell you first to go to the VISA office, fill out a form (the same one as the online one), then you pay at the bank. Wait around for a bit and in about half an hour they will return with your passport. Then they ask you to pay for insurance and you can get on to passport control. They put a sticker in your passport and then you’re in. Don’t freak out if your bags aren’t on the luggage belt (you can see it through a glass wall), they gather it for you when you’re in the application process and give it to you when you’re finished.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
There is a night-train to Tehran and a daily train to Mashhad. There are no trains to Shiraz.
The night train from Tehran to Isfahan costs IRR350,000 for sleeping in a small 6-bed compartment.
The train station in Isfahan is located far from the old town. Take bus #37 from the train station to Sofeh bus terminal(ترمینال صفه;), where you can change for bus #91 to the old town. The best place to get off is Chaharbaq street, where there are many hostels, hotels, cafes, and sightseeing.
Isfahan is well-served by highways. There are automobile routes to capital Tehran,Qom, Na’in, Kashan, Varzaneh, Shiraz, Yazd and Ahvaz.
Isfahan is well connected to most parts of Iran by bus. There are multiple bus terminals in Isfahan and you should note which one is more suitable for you. Kaveh, Sofeh, Zayanderud, and Jey are namely the major bus terminals of Isfahan city.
There are buses to/from Tehran every 15 minutes in Kaveh terminal. Also, there are a few luxury buses with a so-called “European standard” (very comfortable seats, open mini-bar, etc.). The ticket to Tehran costs IRR330,000 with luxury ones.
Jey Terminal bus is dedicated to major destinations at the east of Isfahan, including Varzaneh (famous for its desert and traditional lifestyle), Na’in and Yazd.
It is easy to get around Isfahan by bus. A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2016); you can pay the driver directly, or buy multi-journey contactless cards at certain bus stop booths. Note that there are separate men (front) and women (rear) sections on each bus.
From Kaveh Bus Terminal, take Bus 91 which runs down Chahar Bagh-e Pa’in St towards the city center, past Takhti Junction and Imam Hossein Sq.
Isfahan Metro is a metro system serving the city of Isfahan, Iran.
The first phase of Line 1 runs for 11 km from Qods in the northwest to Shohada via Kaveh (Northen long-distance bus terminal) to Sofeh (Southern long-distance bus terminal) . A single journey costs IRR10000 (November 2018) you can buy multi-journey contactless cards at any metro station ticket seller offices.
The stunning mosques of Isfahan are among the most beautiful and interesting in the world.
Walk along the Zayanderud River beside the ancient bridges. You see many locals doing this every day. However, as a result of a drought and badly planned dam, there is usually no water in the river.
Address: No.177, Ghorbanian Deadend, Bazarcheh st., Second Moshtagh (Near Shahrestan Bridge).
Two main state universities of Esfahan are:
Other universities are:
Average Salary in Isfahan is a bit lower than Tehran(Iran Capital) but the same is true for the cost of living. Isfahan has a lot of steel and construction-related industries as well as Power Generation plants.
There are a lot of technology towns like Sheikh behave, Jay, Amir Kabir, Oshtorjaan and many others which all are active in the industry.
Qualified people can work in these towns or directly in the industries.
Some large companies in Isfahan are:
Note that shops in the main square must pay an additional 8% tax on sales, which is passed on to the customer. Unless the item that you are purchasing is unique or inexpensive, you may be better off shopping outside of the main square.
In some parks, you can simply obtain a carpet and tea from the park warden, and have a picnic on the grass! You will find families gather in these parks, and bring barbecues and cook freshly made kebabs, which smell (and taste) delicious.
Visit one of the tea-houses in the bazaar or under one of the bridges.
There are many coffee shops in Isfahan. Most of the are located around Vank church.
There are various Internet cafés in Esfahan. The cheapest in the city is the Central Library of Esfahan but speed is not reasonable. It is accessible from Naghshe-Jahan Square by two minutes walk.
در این بخش از سایت آموزش زبان انگلیسی جت زبان ، چندین مکالمه انگلیسی در مورد شهر را آورده ایم .
مکالمه اول در مورد یک شهر ، مکالمه در مورد شهر شیراز و مکالمه انگلیسی دوم در مورد بندرعباس می باشد
در مورد شیراز :
1
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
Hello Nia, how are you?
سلام نیا، حالت چطوره؟
Hello hana, I am fine thanks, what’s up?
سلام حنا، من خوبم ممنون، چه خبر؟
Everything is ok dear, by the way where are you from in Iran?
همه چیز خوبه عزیزم، راستی اهل کدوم شهر ایران هستی؟
I am from a beautiful city called Shiraz
من اهل شهر زیبایی به نام شیراز هستم.
Oh, I haven’t ever been to Shiraz, will you tell me about your hometown?
اوه، من تاحالا شیراز نرفته ام، میشه درباره زادگاهت به من بگی؟
Of course, Shiraz is one of the large cities of Iran and the capital of Fars province, you know it is known as the city of poets, gardens, wine and flowers.
البته، شیراز یکی از شهرهای بزرگ ایران و مرکز استان فارس است، میدونی شیراز بعنوان شهر اشعار، باغ وبوستان ها، می وشراب و گلها شناخته میشه.
Wow,that sounds fantastic, what’s the weather like in Shiraz?
وای، این خارق العادس؟ آب وهوای شیراز چطوره؟
It’s really goood, actuallu it’s temperate
آب وهواش واقعا خوبه، راستش آب وهواش معتدله.
Umm, very good, why don’t you tell me about the tourist attractions and buildings of historical interest of Shiraz!?
امم، خیلی خوبه، چرا درباره ی جاذبه های گردشگری و بناهای تاریخی شیراز بهم نمیگی؟
Yes, as you know Shiraz is an ancient city and has many buildings of historical interst including Vakil Bazzar, Vakil bath ,Eram Garden,Tomb of hafez (Hafezieh), Arg of Karim khan, Qavam house or Narenjestan Garden of shiraz, Nasir-ol-molk mosque and Persepolis.
بله، همونطور که میدونی شیراز شهری باستانی است و بناهای تاریخی زیادی دارد ازجمله بازار وکیل، حمام وکیل، باغ ارم، آرامگاه حافظ(حافظیه)،ارگ کریم خان، باغ نارنجستان قوام شیراز، مسجد نصیرالملک و تخت جمشید.
I know Persepolis is one of the most important historical places
من میدونم که تخت جمشید یکی از مهم ترین مکانهای تاریخی است.
Exactly, It was the capital of Achaemenid Empire, it is situated 60 km northeast of the city of shiraz in Fars province
دقیقا، این پایتخت امپراطوری هخامنشی است، این بنا در شمال شرقی شهر شیراز در استان فارس واقع شده است.
Yes, that’s wonderful
بله، این فوق العادس.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
مکالمه انگلیسی در مورد شهر بندرعباس
2
Good morning Reza, what are you up to?
صبح بخیر رضا، داری چکار میکنی؟
Good morning, actually I’m busy now because I have to submit an article about one of the cities of Iran, Could you help me?
صبح بخیر، راستش من الان سرم شلوغه چون باید یه مقاله درباره یکی از شهرهای ایران ارائه بدم. میشه کمکم کنی؟
Of course, I think you should write about Bandar Abbas!
البته، بنظرم بهتره درباره بندرعباس بنویسی!
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
That’s a good idea, thank you, but I live in Tehran and don’t know about that!
ایده ی خوبیه، متشکرم، اما من در تهران زندگی میکنم و درباره اون نمیدونم.
I’ll help you, as you know, Bandar Abbas is a sea port/ port city and capital of Hormozgan province on the southern coast of Iran. It’s warm and humid there because of Persian Gulf .
من بهت کمک میکنم، همونطور که میدونی بندرعباس یک شهر بندری و مرکز استان هرمزگان در جنوبی ترین ساحل ایران است. آب وهوای آنجا بخاطر دریای خلیج فارس گرم ومرطوب است
What facilities are there in Bandar Abbas city?
در شهر بندرعباس چه امکاناتی وجود دارد؟
There are many entertainment and cultural facilities such as movie, theater and park,some mosques, Hindu shrines, museums and many Bazaars.
امکانات رفاهی و فرهنگی زیادی مانند سینما، تئاتر و پارک، چندین مسجد، معبد هندوها، موزه ها وبازهای زیادی وجود دارد.
Thanks for your help
بابت کمکت ممنونم
خوب بود مرسي ازتون
سلام
بابت نظر گرانبهاتون از شما سپاسگزارم
ممنون خیلی 🙂
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تمامی سوالات در اسرع وقت پاسخ داده خواهد شد.
A Match the words and pictures. Then listen and check your answers.
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
Answer:
1. g
2. h
3. a
4. c
5. d
6. b
7. f
8. e
B Pair work Which of the places in Part A do you have where you live? Discuss the places.
“There’s a nice statue in the center of the square.”
A Read about what to do in these three cities. Which cities are good for shopping?
GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR
Enjoy shopping, cafés, fountains, and statues on El Malecón, a popular walking area. It’s a fantastic place to take a long, slow walk or ride on a tour boat.
ترجمه
ترجمه
SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA
You shouldnt miss the mall neighborhood of Insadong. It’s a great place to shop for books, pottery, and paintings. Later, you can walk to a nearby palace or relax at an old teahouse.
ترجمه
ترجمه
CAIRO, EGYPT
Love history? Then you should visit the Egyption Museum You can’t see it all one day, so be sure to see King Tut’s treasure and the famous “mummy room.”
ترجمه
ترجمه
B What about you? Which city in Part A would you like to visit? Why?
Where should I go?
You should visit the Egyption Museum.
They shouldn’t miss Insadong.
( = They should see Insadong.)
ویژگی های شهر اصفهان به انگلیسی
Should she go to Cairo?
Yes, she should. No, she shouldn’t.
What can I do there?
You can enjoy cafés, shops, and fountains.
You can’t see all of the museum in one day.
Can they take a taxi?
Yes, they can. No, they can’t.
Complete the conversation with should, shouldn’t, can, or can’t. Then practice with a partner.
A: Should I rent a car in Seoul?
B: No, I think you take the subway. You get around quickly adn easily.
A: Oh, good. And what places I visit?
B: Well, you miss the palace, and you also go to the art museum. You see it all in one day because it’s very big, but you buy really nice art books and postcards there.
A: OK. Thanks a lot!
Answer:
A: Should
B: Should – can
A: should
B: shouldn’t – should – can’t – can
A Listen to three people describe their cities. Number the pictures form 1 to 3.
Answer:
1. visit the palace
2. go on a boat trip
1. visit the main square
2. go to the Great Temple
1. see the statue of David
2. have ice cream
Script:
متن فایل صوتی:
Page 77, Exercise 4, Listening, My city
1. I live in Mexico City. It’s a fantastic city. There are a lot of interesting things to do in Mexico City. I think people should visit the main square. It’s called the Zócalo, and it’s really, really big. I also think that people should go to the top of the Pyramid of the Sun. There are 250 steps to the top, but the view is fantastic!
2. Right now I live in Florence, Italy. Florence is a very popular city, and we get a lot of tourists. Many people come here for the great art. People should see the statue of David, by Michelangelo. It’s a really famous statue. People should also have ice cream here. Italian ice cream is delicious. You can buy it all over the city.
3. I live in a great city – Istanbul, Turkey. There’s so much to see and do here. One very famous tourist site is the Topkapi Palace. It’s beautiful. Yeah, tourists should definitely visit the palace. Visitors should also go on a boat trip. You can take a boat from the European side of the city to the Asian side. That’s pretty cool.
B Listen again. Write two things the people say visitors should do in their cities.
A Pair work Imagine these people are planning to visit your town or city for only one day. What places should they visit?
“I think the family should visit the town square. They can eat and shop there.”
B Group work Compare your answers from Part A. Do you agree?
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نرم افزار چت روم وب سایت برای استفاده ی کلیه ی بازدید کنندگان تهیه و دقیقاً در قسمت پایین همین نوشته قرار دارد! اعضای لینگوتایز می توانند پس از ورود به سایت از چت روم عمومی و یا شخصی، برای گفتگو با دیگر زبان آموزان و مدرسین زبان استفاده کنند.
تمامی محتوای این سایت توسط تیم لینگوتایز تهیه شده و در اختیار شما قرار گرفته است. لطفاً در صورتی که قصد هر گونه کپی و یا استفاده از مطالب این وب سایت را دارید، این کار را با ذکر منبع و لینک صفحه مربوطه انجام دهید.
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